Charlotte+Pyke

=//** Genetics-#1 December.20th 2012 **//= = = =** SCIENTISTS SAY HOMOSEXUALITY IS NOT GENETIC **=

According to a team of scientists at Uppsala University and UC Santa Barbara, homosexuality is not genetic, but has to with DNA.

Studies on Epigenetic's (the study of heritable changes in a gene function-it doesn’t involve changes in the DNA sequence though) have showed sex-specific epi-marks can lead to homosexuality. The epi-marks don’t normally pass between generations and are erased, but if they escape erasure and are transmitted from mother to son or father to daughter, homosexuality can occur.

Bill Rice (UC Santa Barbara) and Urban Friberg (Uppsala University) created a mathematical model describing the conflict of evolution of homosexuality.

Most people believe that homosexuality is a trait that is genetic. However, more studies have shown that it runs in families but no major genes for homosexuality have been found. Scientists have proven through many tests and studies that homosexuality is NOT genetic, but has to do with DNA.

Epi-marks (which are made to protect the fetus from too much natural variation) have an extra layer of information attached to our genes, which regulates their expression. They direct how the instructions are carried out and are usually produced anew each generation. Recent evidence has shown that epi-marks can carry over between generations, which contribute to similarity in relatives. This is a picture of epi-marks which have been found to have a major influence on how homosexuality occurs.

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These letters are sequences in DNA that make up the bases of a nucleotide.

During a pregnancy, normally sex-specific epi-marks stop boy fetuses from being feminized (when they experience atypically high testosterone) and the same for girls. But when epi-marks are transmitted across generations from mothers to sons or fathers to daughters, they can cause reverse effects; boys can develop female traits and girls can develop male traits.

Scientists exploring a strand of DNA, which has been found to play a big role in homosexuality.

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__** SITES TO CHECK OUT: **__ [|Sourcefed News]- Sourcefednews- information about politics, science, and the LGBT and also has videos that go along with the posts!

[|Reddit]- Reddit- provides interesting information about the lastest news in science as well as many other topics.

[|Nimbios]- Nimbios- offers information about mathematical and biological synthesis and especially the latest news concerning biology!

[|ABC Forums]-offers information on everything you need to know about science....plus the latest news in the science world!

[|http://www.abcforums.com/showthread.php?3786-Scientists-claim-that-homosexuality-is-not-genetic-%97-but-it-arises-in-the-womb] [] [] [|http://www.reddit.com/r/science/search?q=genetics&restrict_sr=on&sort=new&t=all] [] [] [] []
 * __ References: __**

= = = = =//Evolution-#2 January.3rd 2013 //=

STUDIES ON GENES AND FOSSILS HELP SCIENTIST'S PIECE TOGETHER EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

Hans Thewissen, professor at Northeast Ohio Medical University, got together with some colleagues to review recent studies that have used modern fossil techniques to figure out the evolution on genetics as well as modern genetic techniques to figure out evolution on fossils. This group of scientists discussed the evolutionary changes of whales, snakes, elephants, dolphins, dinosaurs, and bats and also how they came to be.

Above is Hans Thewissen, a scientist at Northeast Ohio Medical University who used genes and fossils to find evolutionary changes in organisms.

They have also discovered that transitional fossils are what bridge the gaps between a four-legged ancestor to something with no limbs at all. For example, evolution has showed that tetrapods, which are vertebrates that have four limbs, have ancestors that were bony fish. But its not just transitional fossils that have showed this. These scientists have also found that large changes in shape (of organism) also involved changes in the working of a few genes!

This photo shows the transition of this organism and how its body changed through evolution. It shows how it started out with certain body parts, but over time it lost the body parts but gained new ones. This is a transitional fossil.

However, more studies have shown that even similar shaped organisms probably did not experience similar developmental changes. For example, dolphins and whales, which have similar shapes, both lost their limbs through evolution, but this happened in different ways. Like whales and dolphins, snakes also lost their limbs. Snakes still develop hind limb buds as embryos, but the genes that control their growth are not there anymore because of the gradual changes in snakes through evolution.

In the photo above, we can see that whales have evolved a lot! They have lost their limbs and have developed different structures.

Here is a fossil of a snake. We can see that snakes once had legs but through many many years, snakes have lost their limbs.

This all shows that genes have a major effect on how organisms change overtime through evolution. There bodies may adapt differently to different environments, but genes really can control the changes in the body, and changes in evolution.

media type="youtube" key="GZCL3gv9kEM" height="315" width="420" __//**SITES TO CHECK OUT:**//__ [|PHYS.ORG] - Has many articles showing the news and facts about physics, nanotechnology, chemistry, biology and much more! [|Darwin and Evolution]- - All about Charles Darwin and his thoughts and concepts on evolution. [|Science Notes]- - Science questions are answered here! Articles about research on cancer, the earth, evolution, and many other thoughts on science! [|Discover]- - Concentrates on health and medicine, mind and brain, technology, space and physics, living world, and the environment! Have many articles about theses topics with mind-blowing facts!

__**References:**__ [] [] [] [] [|http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=19371#.UOWda6XA7Io]


 * //Nervous System-#3 January.5th 2013 //**


 * NETWORK PRACTITIONERS USE NERVOUS SYSTEM TO RELIEVE TENSION IN THE SPINAL CORD **

The nervous system is the body’s control center; it sends messages to our brain along the spine and nerves and also controls pain.

NSA (Network Spinal Analysis) developed in the late 70s, works on realigning the spine; it now focuses on using the nervous system in order to release the tension that misaligns the spine. This has worked really well because it addresses the problem which is tension, that comes from an improperly functioning nervous system.

This is a photograph of tension in the spine which can be cured by NSA.

It is believed that the main source of health problems is nerve interference. Interference is caused my chemical, physical, or mental-emotional stress. The spinal tension comes from the nervous system holding onto the stress, which causes spinal misalignments.

Here is an x ray of a spinal cord that is misaligned because of tension and stress.

Traditional chiropractors usually try to get rid of the spinal misalignments by movements and forceful adjustment. However, Network practitioners believe that the mind causes the spine to be misaligned. So instead of only using movements to realign the spine, they try to improve the communication between the mind and body through the nervous system, which they believe removes nerve interference.

This photo shows where the brain and nervous system are connected.

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NSA is believed to work better because when the body does come in contact with stress, the nervous system naturally knows how to deal with the tension. A few of the benefits of NSA are decreased anxiety, better stress adaption and less pain and tension!

NSA doesn’t only help our spine, but by connecting with the brain, it helps the brain to develop new strategies such as adapt to stress, make healthier choices, and experience greater well being! The nervous system really has an impact of how we feel and how our body feels. But if we treat our body the right way, our nervous system can prevent us from getting many injuries!

Above is NSA being performed on a patient by Dr. Donald Epstein.

__//**SITES TO CHECK OUT:**//__ [|Natural News]-All about diseases and ways to prevent them as well as information on how to keep your body healthy.

[|Dr.Donald Epstein]-Dr.Donald Epstein sharing his knowledge on NSA as well as great advice about what to do when you have a spinal cord misalignment.

[|Network Chiropractors]-Information all about the spine and the human nervous system!

[|Network Care Center]-Information about the Toronto Chiropractic Clinic and advice about using NSA.

__**References:**__ [] [] [] [] [] [] []