Bhumika+P.

Bhumika Pokhrel April 4th, 2016 Wiki Post#1 =**__The Conjoined Twins__**=

The conjoined twins are two babies who are physically joined to one another at some points on their bodies. The conjoined twins are rare and it’s occur once every 200,000 lives birth. There are many different kind of conjoined twins. Some of them are joined at waist, at the hip and shoulder, at the chest and upper abdomen. They probably share same liver, heart, blood vessels so on.

Conjoined twins are genetically identical, which also means they are the same sex. They develop from the same fertilized egg, and they share the same placenta. The theory behind conjoined twin is that they are thought to be the result of a fertilized egg which is partly split instead of fully. If an egg was fully split than the result would be in an identical twins. Another theory behind this is that an egg divide completely but then joins back together again. The exact cause of this is not known yet.
 * How they are formed?**


 * Fact:**
 * Approximately 70% conjoined twins are female. Female babies are much stronger than male babes. Although male’s twins are more likely to conjoin the female sets are more likely to survive.
 * About 50% of conjoined twins are stillborn and 35% only survive for the first 24 hours. And 5 – 25% of all will survive.



This twins are joined at the chest which is called thoracopagus. They do share some organs.



If an egg hasn't separated fully after 12 days of fertilization than it’s likely it never will and result would be a Conjoined twin.

These are some different kind of conjoined twins. They are connected at different part of the bodies.

= The Science of Conjoined Twins = media type="youtube" key="5aBhHfV1dDc" width="560" height="315"

The video is about different types of conjoined twins and what part of the organs, they shared with each others. They also talk about the successfully separated conjoined twins when they were babies. The other conjoined twins who are joined at head, they are probably 50 or 52 now and will probably never be separated.

> In this site they talk about different types of Conjoined twins, their survival, and separation surgery. > They have some amazing pictures of Conjoined twins. > They talk about some interesting fact about conjoined twins. > They have some incredible stories of Conjoined twins from decade.
 * Further Reading**
 * []
 * []
 * []
 * []
 * []
 * []
 * []


 * Sources Cited**
 * http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/chromosomal-genetic-conditions/conjoined-twins/
 * http://umm.edu/programs/conjoined-twins/facts-about-the-twins
 * http://umm.edu/programs/conjoined-twins/facts-about-the-twins
 * http://gawker.com/5933247/two-heads-one-body-a-billion-questions-the-gawker-guide-to-tlcs-newest-stars-abby--brittany-hensel

May 6th,2016 =__** Evolution of Technology **__=
 * Wiki Post#2 **

Since the beginning of humankind, there is a continuous technological progress due to the development of human intelligence. They create better goods that meet the needs of mankind. People constantly improve themselves and everything around simplifying to the lives. In the 20th century, technology began to play major role in the development of human beings. Today, technology is evolving at a very fast speed. Even before the latest technology reaches to the common people, the new technology would be already available in the market. Technology has come very far over the past decades. Let’s take a look at the evolution of computer, cell phone, television, and vehicle.

In the beginning, when the computer first came out, they were pretty big almost the size of a room. Now they have evolved so much, we could travel with them in our backpack. The development of the modern day computer is the result of advances in technologies.
 * Computer:**

The pictures of computer/laptop evolution timelines.

The telephones play important role in our lives and it has been growing ever since that day in 1876 when inventor Alexander Graham Bell made the first call.
 * Phone:**

Picture of the phone evolution timeline.

The first black and white television was invented in 1936, it took approximately 20 years to get the color television. Since then the television has been improved again and again. Now TV’s are flat, light and LED Displays and HD.
 * Television:**



The development of television over past years.

People lives changed more during the twentieth century than in any previous period in history. One of the reason is the invention of automobiles. Automobiles are one of the most important and well-known inventions possibly ever created. It changed the way people lived and travel. Since then the vehicle has improved in many ways.
 * Vehicle:**



The picture of vehicles evolution since 1900's.

=**__Video__**= media type="youtube" key="X7vwfD-vctY" width="560" height="315" The video is about how technology has evolved from past years.

=__**Further Reading**__=
 * [] ( This site have an amazing video of how technology evolved )
 * http://bigthink.com/hybrid-reality/the-evolution-of-technology ( This website talk about the evolution of technology)
 * http://geekofreak.com/2014/05/20-facts-about-technology-which-will-amuse-you.html ( facts of computer today)
 * http://play.learningpartnership.org/en/node/192 (Technology facts and figures)

=**__Sources__**=


 * []
 * []
 * []
 * []

Wiki Post #3 June 15th, 2016

__** Narcolepsy **__
Narcolepsy is a chronic brain disorder that involves poor control of sleep-wake cycles. People with narcolepsy experience periods of extreme daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable attack of sleep that can strike at any time. These “sleep attacks” usually last a few seconds to several minutes. Narcolepsy can greatly affect person's daily activities. People may unwillingly fall asleep while at work or at school, when having a conversation, playing a game, eating a meal, and most dangerously, when driving or functioning some types of machines. The most common symptoms are:
 * Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS),
 * Cataplexy, which occurs in about 70 percent of all people with narcolepsy.
 * Sleep paralysis and hallucinations are somewhat less common.

What causes narcolepsy?
Narcolepsy may have several causes. Most people with narcolepsy have low levels of the neurotransmitter hypocretin, which promotes wakefulness. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that neurons produce to communicate with each other and to regulate biological processes. When cataplexy is present, the cause is most often the discrete loss of brain cells that produce hypocretin. Although the reason for such cell loss remains unknown, it appears to be an autoimmune disorder is when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells or tissue. hypocretin levels are particularly low in those who experience cataplexy.



This image show the sleep pattern of a healthy person and a person with Narcolepsy.



The number of hypocretin-producing neurons in the brain is markedly reduced in the brains of people with narcolepsy.



This diagram illustrates the occurrence and overlap of major symptoms in one sample of 100 patients with narcolepsy.

This image represents a person with narcolepsy falling asleep while driving and how dangerous it can be. =__**Video**__= = media type="youtube" key="1PuvXpv0yDM" width="560" height="315" =

This video is about a girl with Narcolepsy. She shows us, what does it look like and how does it actually feel having Narcolepsy. =__**F**__** __urther Reading__ **=
 * http://narcolepsynetwork.org/about-narcolepsy/patient-stories/amandas-story/ ( This is an amazing story of a person with Narcolepsy.)
 * http://narcolepsynetwork.org/about-narcolepsy/narcolepsy-fast-facts/ ( This page provides a quick overview of narcolepsy.)
 * http://www.medicinenet.com/narcolepsy/article.htm ( This website provides the facts, medication, and the cause of narcolepsy.)
 * http://valleysleepcenter.com/9-facts-about-narcolepsy-that-may-surprise-you/ ( Facts about narcolepsy that may surprise you.)

=__Sources__=
 * http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcolepsy/basics/causes/con-20027429
 * http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/narcolepsy/what-is-narcolepsy/science-of-narcolepsy
 * https://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-disorders-problems/narcolepsy-and-sleep
 * http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/narcolepsy/detail_narcolepsy.htm