Haley+W.


 * Wikipost #1 (Genetics): Genetics of Diabetes October 23,2015**

=**Genetics of Type Two Diabetes**=

**What Is Diabetes?**
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 Diabetes is a chronic life-long illness with three different types. Type one in which your pancreas does not produce insulin or properly use insulin. Type two, in which the pancreas temporarily stops producing insulin or body fat blocks the pancreas prohibiting insulin from exiting the area to do its job. Lastly, type three diabetes, also called gestational diabetes, occurring when a woman is pregnant. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas in order to break down carbohydrates/glucose in the body and produce ATP (energy). However, when the body cannot do that, it is called diabetes. So what happens if the body doesn’t break down the glucose? If glucose isn’t broken down, blood-glucose levels will raise causing various side effects including: constant urination, dry mouth/tongue, fatigue, sickness, blurred vision, etc. Therefore, people diagnosed with diabetes need to act upon the fact that their bodies do not create insulin. They can do this by insulin injections, or if a type two diabetic, by taking daily pills. Diabetics must monitor their blood-glucose levels daily and as well watch their diet and the amount of carbohydrates they consume per day in order to live a long and healthy life. = = = =

What Are the genetic risk Factors of Type Two Diabetes?
Although many other factors come into play with developing type two diabetes such a environmental, lifestyle, etc, genetics are a definite risk factor. According to the American Diabetes association, your risk of developing type two diabetes is:
 * One in seven if one of your parents was as well diagnosed before the age of fifty.
 * One in thirty if one of your parents was diagnosed with type two after the age of fifty.
 * One in two if both biological parents have type two diabetes.

Ethnicity as well contributes to whether one is more at risk for developing type two diabetes. Certain groups including: African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans and Native Americans all have a higher risk of developing type two diabetes than non-Hispanic whites. This is due to the fact that these ethnicity are more likely to be over weight and have high blood pressure, two factors that contribute highly to type two diabetes. As well, certain risk factors to developing type one diabetes can be passed down through generations. For example, high blood pressure, weight, abnormal cholesterol, etc. All of these contribute even the slightest to developing diabetes. No, they cannot be changed, however, that is why speaking to a doctor about your genetics and family history is encouraged giving one caution if they are at risk.



Are You At Risk For Type Two Diabetes?
Find out if you are at risk of developing type two diabetes with the American Diabetes Association's online test.

Diabetic breakthrough: Diabetic No More Mcgill University Health Care conducted the first ever islet transplant in Quebec, making former diabetic Zohra, diabetic no more.

Diabetes Myth Vs. Facts Diabetes isn't all that it seems to be. There is a lot of stuff said about diabetes, but what's really true? Find out with Cornerstones4Care myth Vs. Fact.

Could This Be It? Scientists at a Toronto hospital claim they have proof that the body's nervous system helps trigger diabetes, opening doors to potential cures to an illness that effects millions worldwide.

Sources Cites:
[|http://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes-risk-factors#Overview1]

[|http://www.healthline.com/health/type-2-diabetes/genetics#Genetics2]

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Wikipost #2: Body Systems Nov. 20/2015
=The Nervous System=

What is the Nervous System?
====The nervous system is a body system which consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Working as a team, these organs are responsible for controlling the body and communication among its parts. The nervous system includes both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central being made of the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral being made of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.====



The Central Nervous System
The central nervous system is divided into two mains parts: The brain and the spinal cord.

The Brain:
The brain is the command center of the body holding the entire body's information. The brain is made of billions of neurons and helps the body to respond to information that is receives through the senses and process thoughts, ideas, etc. The brain consists of three major parts: The cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebrum is the largest of all three parts and is where thinking and thought process takes place. The cerebrum controls touch, vision and other senses. Next is the cerebellum. The cerebellum helps the body to control balance and coordination. Lastly, is the brain stem. The brain stem is the link to the spinal cord and it is what controls breathing, digestion and heartbeat.



The Spinal Cord.
====The spinal cord is a "tube of neurons" which runs up the spine and connects to the brain stem. Any information from nerve which branches out to the rest of the body goes to the spinal cord. Messages may be processed through the spinal cord, however, most are processed/ sent to the brain.====



The Peripheral Nervous system.
The peripheral nervous system is the division of the nervous system which consists of all of the nerves that lie outside of the central nervous system. The main role of the peripheral nervous system is to connect the central nervous system to the organs, limbs and skin. The peripheral nervous system is divided into two parts: The somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.

Somatic Nervous System.
====The somatic nervous system is responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to the central nervous system. This system consists of two major types of neurons: sensory neurons (responsible for carrying information from the nerves to the central nervous system), and motor neurons (carry information through the spinal cord to the brain and throughout muscle fibers in the body).====

The autonomic system is apart of the peripheral nervous system responsible for regulating involuntary body functions (blood flow, heartbeat, digestion, and breathing).
====This system further divides into two different branches: the sympathetic system which is the "flight-or-fight" responses, your decision making, and the parasympathetic system which helps the body to maintain normal body functions and conserve physical resources.====

Video:
media type="youtube" key="x4PPZCLnVkA" width="560" height="315" Nervous system crash course.

Further Readings:
Nervous System Fun Facts A Few fun facts to learn more about the Nervous system.

[|Nervous System Research] Multiple links connecting with the latest in nervous system research and news

[|Interactive Nervous System and Quiz] Do you think you know everything about the nervous system, or do you want to know? Interact with getbodysmart's interactive nervous system then take the quiz.

[|10 Things You Didn't Know About the Nervous System] After all this reading and research do you think you know everything about the nervous system? You could be wrong.

Sources Cited
[|http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html#full-description]

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What is evolution?
====Evolution is simply the gradual change of something (living or non-living) over time; usually from a simple form to a more complex or modern. Evolution can be anything from humans changing from primate to our modern day selves, or from 1500's fashion to the array of clothes walked on the runway today.====

Apple IPhone Timeline
====Seven years ago, on June29th 2007, Apple released the first ever "IPhone". This new smartphone contained some of the most up-to-date technology provided at the time. The first IPhone's features included: 3.5-inch diagonal screen, 320 X 480 pixels at 163 ppi, a touch screen, as well as, a 2-megapixel camera. Options including only a 4GB and 8GB (gigabyte).====



IPhone 3G(S)
====Released on July 11th of 2008 was the IPhone 3G. This new and improved IPhone was equipped with a built in GPS, ability to connect to a faster 3G network, location services, as well as more storage. Models were now available in 8GB and 16GB. Later on in June of 2009 on the 19th, Apple released the 3GS version of the IPhone. This newer version was twice as fast as the original as well as a bonus of being less expensive and having the option of 32GB storage.====



IPhone 4(s)
A year later from the last release of Apple's IPhones came the IPhone 4. The new addition to Apple's family included "facetime" features, a high resolution "Retina" screen; 640 X 960 pixels at 326 ppi. Models only available in 16 GB and 32 GB. October 14, 2011 Apple released the 4s version of the IPhone 4. New and improved, this phone came with a new dual core processor, the same one used in the IPad 2. This version was available in not only 16 GB, 32 GB, but also 64 GB.



IPhone 5(s)/5c
====Released September 12, 2012 was the newest addition to the Apple family, the IPhone 5. The new slimmer IPhone was much faster than the old. Equipped with a new 4-inch diagonal screen; 640 X 1136 pixels at 326 ppi this IPhone was a hit with the public. A little over a year later, Apple released the IPhones 5s and 5c. The 5s was faster with a touch ID sensor and a new motion data processor. Whereas the IPhone 5c was essentially a "re skinned" IPhone 5.====



IPhone 6(plus)
====Released fall of 2014 on September 12th came the IPhone 6 and 6 plus. The IPhone 6 having 4.7-inch screen while the IPhone 6 plus containing a 5.5-inch screen. New features for both phones included NFC technology support via Apple Pay, turning these phones into digital wallets. As well, for bonus features, these phones included upgraded cameras, as well as being faster than ever.====



Not only did each generation IPhone change in looks, but through each generation, new software was evolved, features added, apps, etc. The IPhone evolution was about improvement, not only for the eye, but for the public's desire. Apple carefully crafted and critiqued each of the new IPhones added to satisfy the desire of their employees, evolution done right, modernizing something for the sake of better.

Here is a comparison of each IPhone over the generations.

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Further Readings:
How much has the IPhone really changed? Some seem to think that Apple releasing a new phone year after year is a gimmick to get money, some believe the phones really do evolve.

Evolution of IOS A look into the evolution of IOS, the software used in all of Apple's IPhones.

The IPhone Evolved A further look into how IPhones have evolved from year to year and edition to edition.

IPhone features evolution Overall, the IPhones have evolved in looks, but what matters the most are the features and how they have evolved.

Sources Cited
http://www.computerworld.com/article/2604020/smartphones/the-evolution-of-apples-iphone.html#slide10

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n4qpXBnb6o

http://www.ibtimes.com/apple-iphone-iphone-6-7-year-evolution-game-changing-smartphone-photos-1533776

http://biologos.org/common-questions/scientific-evidence/what-is-evolution