Madeline+S.

October 11, 2013
 * Wiki Post #1 : Genetics**

= What Color Is What? =

Color blindness means that you can’t see certain colors. The most common colors is green, red, or blue or a mixture of these colors. Being color blind changes the way you learn and read more difficult. Color blindness could also be called color version problem.

Being color blind comes from genetics and are shown at birth. Color blindness come from the 23rd-chromosome, which is the sex chromosome. People usually have three types of cone cells that distinguish red, green, or blue light. The three cone cells are, the L-cone which detects long wavelength light (responsible for red), the M-cone which detects medium wavelength light (responsible for green), and the S-cone which detects short wavelength light (responsible for blue). The cone cells are found in the retina of the eye.



These pictures show where the retina is in the eye and what the rods and cones look like. The rods are photoreceptor cells in the retina that can function with less intense light then cone cells.

The X chromosome is the sex chromosome. Males have a X chromosome and a Y chromosome and females have two X chromosome. When a male is colorblind the faulty gene only appears on the X chromosome. A female to be color blind it must be on both the X chromosome. Both men and woman are affected equally with blue color blindness because it is carried on a non-sex chromosome. In this picture you can see that the Mother is the carrier, one daughter ends up being a carrier, the father unaffected, a daughter and son not affected, but the other son is affected. There is a 50% chance that the sons will get affected and 50% chance that the daughters will be carriers.

Colorblindness is measured in different types of tests. One type of test has you looking at sets of colored dots and you have to try and find patterns in amongst the dots. The patters could be letters or numbers and it helps the doctor tell what colors you can see and not see. Another test you can take is one where you have to rearrange different shades of colors in the proper order from either lightest to darkest or vise versa. People who are colorblind won’t be able to rearrange these colors.

This is an example of a colorblind test where you need to detect a number. Can you guess what number it is? If you guessed 56 then you’re right!

media type="custom" key="24065986"

__Here are some fun sites full of information!__


 * http://[|__www.news-medical.net/health/What-Causes-Color-Blindness.aspx__] - this is a good site to get another look at what, where, why, and how color blindness appears.


 * [|__http://www.color-blindness.com/2007/10/07/5-online-color-blindness-tests/__] - this site get you reading about more ways to test whether you are color blind or not.


 * [|__http://enchroma.com/test/instructions/__] - is a awesome online test that shows you what a color blind test is like and gives you real feed back.


 * [|__http://www.colour-blindness.com/solutions/__] - will get you reading about correcting color blindness since it is currently impossible to cure.

__References:__

__pictures -__ eye - [|__http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/colordeficiency.htm__] rods cones - [|__http://www.colour-blindness.com/general/how-it-works-science/__] colorblind test - [|__http://www.toledo-bend.com/colorblind/Ishihara.asp__] people - [|__https://www.boundless.com/image/inheritance-of-an-x-linked-recessive-disorder/__]

__information -__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ Wiki Post #2 : Evolution  November 29, 2013

The Evolution Of Art

 Art is enjoyed by many people. One of the things that art is good for is extending and expanding our visual language that our global population can all interpret. When new ideas are first introduced by an artist in the art world, they are often seen as shocking, and even as incomprehensible. Although, with time the best and most effective ideas are accepted. Artists show us new creative ways to see things that are familiar to us in different ways, and also how to interpret new events, feelings, and emotions that we get from pieces of art. Art helps young kids get emotion out. If a child draws with bright colors you know they’re happy, if they draw with dark colors you know something might be wrong. What the child draws to shows what they love and care about.



 Creating visual art is a characteristic of the human species, but we have limited information on the origin and evolution of human culture. The art components include color, pattern and the ongoing of visual likeness. The 2D and 3D art forms that were created at least 30 000 years ago are alike to those created in recent centuries, showing that human thought and symboling were modernized by that time. The earliest known evidence of artistic behavior is that of which is human body decoration, including skin coloring with paintings and the use of beads. Zig-zag and criss-cross patterns, curves and parallel lines are the known patterns to have been created. 3D art may have began with humans liking to recognize themselves or natural objects, making them feel the need to recreate these spectacular forms that are existing.

 Art Time Line: There are many different forms of art over the decades. Here are a few:

Art started back in the Stone Age (30,000 b.c. - 2500 b.c), with cave paintings, goddesses, and megalithic structures



 ￼ 

Egyptian (3100 b.c.–30 b.c.), focused on art of the afterlife, pyramids, and tomb paintings Roman (500 b.c.– a.d. 476), these pieces were practical and down to earth.



Early and High Renaissance (1400–1550), which were about the rebirth of classical culture  Neoclassical (1750–1850), art that recaptured Roman-Greco grace and how grand the art was.  Romanticism (1780–1850), was art that showed the triumph of imagination and individuality. Realism (1848–1900), most of these works were done by peasants



Impressionism (1865-1885), these pieces would capture the effects of natural light  Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, Constructivism, De Stijl (1905–1920), pre- and post- World War 1 pieces of art work. <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Abstract Expressionism (1940s–1950s) and Pop Art (1960s), these pieces are pure abstraction and expression without human form or language.



<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">These videos show examples of painters painting at a sped up rate. They’re very neat and really show you how much work is put into a piece of art!

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">media type="custom" key="24882280" media type="custom" key="24882284"

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> References: <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2815939/ <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/art-history-timeline.html <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/introart.htm <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_art <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Photo References: <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_art <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2008/companhia-das-letras-pocket-books/ <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://jamesbrantley.net/chapter_fourteen.htm <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://fnacotton.blogspot.ca/2013_03_01_archive.html

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> For more information, check out theses sites: <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.slowart.com/articles/evolution.htm <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> :talks about individual artists and how they have evolved <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> :to learn about art in genera <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">l <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://beaverbrookartgallery.org/en <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> :to learn about our own art gallery and all the many styles of artwork we have there. <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/1799 <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> :tells you about how art effects a child

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Wiki Post #3 : Nervous System <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">January 13, 2014 <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Headaches

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">What is a headache?

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> A headache can be a pain or feeling discomfort in the face or head area. Headaches are all very different. They’re different by where the pain in located, pain intensity, and how often they are occurring. Since they vary so much, there are many categories of headaches. They have been created by the International Headache Society.

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> When you get a headache you say “My head hurts.”, have you ever wondered what is actually hurting? There are several areas of the head that could be hurting. Some are a network of nerves that extends over the top of your head, muscles in the head, certain nerves that are in the face, mouth, and throat, and also blood vessels found along the surface and at the bottom of the brain which contain delicate nerve fibers. Did you know that the bones of the skull and its tissues do not hurt because they don’t have pain-sensitive nerve fibers? Now you know!

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Causes of headaches:
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5;">stress
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">dehydration
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">computer or TV watching
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> loud music
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">smoking
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">alcohol
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">caffeine
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">skipping meals
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">lack of sleep
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">a bump to the head
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">taking a long trip in a car or bus
 * <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">and many more

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> What are some different types of headaches?

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Migraines: this is distinguished by the fact that the symptoms other than pain can occur. Nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, seeing colors, numbness, and other symptoms can occur. Migraines are a unique headache disorder because there are many stages during a migraine. The stages are premonition phase, where moods or behavior can change, aura phase, which is where numbness, hallucinations, and changes of speech can happen, leading into main part of the migraine. Next is the headache phase. Avery painful phase that can last minutes or hours. It’s a throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head. Last stage is resolution phase, the pain is lowering, but is replaced with fatigue, irritability, and problems with concentrating.



<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Short video explaining again what causes a migraine headache: <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">media type="custom" key="24882322" <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;"> <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> Cluster Headaches: occurs in a series of weeks or months. Symptoms are severe pain in one or both sides of the head, normally behind a eye, the eye may have a drooply lid, runny nose, and swelling to the face.



<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">Treatments for Headaches?

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> Like most treatments, they depend on age, overall health, eating habits, etc. The ultimate goal of a treatment is to stop the headaches. Possible treatments is changing eating habits, exercise, sleep, stress management, acupuncture, and many more.

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> References: <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/nervous_system/glossary/Pages/index.aspx <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.klinghardtacademy.com/Articles-with-Protocols/The-Autonomic-Nervous-System-and-its-Relationship-to-Headache.html <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/brain_nervous/headaches.html <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://uhealthsystem.com/health-library/neuro/disorder/headache <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> Photos: <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.ouch-us.org/chinfo1.htm <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/remedy/Headaches.html <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://lawschooli.com/how-to-relax-and-not-stress-before-the-lsat/ <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://1to10reviews.wordpress.com/2007/05/18/headaches/

<span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> For More Information, Check Out These Sites: <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.medicinenet.com/headache/article.htm- <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> Tells you everything and more about what I talked about <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/default.htm?names-dropdown=ID <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> - about migraine specifically <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.medicinenet.com/tension_headache/article.htm <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> - about tension headaches <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3b5998; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">@http://www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_signs.htm <span style="background-color: #f7f7f7; color: #3e454c; font-family: 'lucida grande',tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;"> - about stress contro