Abigayle+Y.

//Wik////ipost// //1// //Genetics://
Ever wonder how having twins happen, or what the difference between identical twins and fraternal twins is? Then you are at the right wiki post. Twins can be the result of two things. The egg (zygote) that is released splits into two, which is how identical twins are made. Identical twins have the same exact DNA. Another way is that two eggs are released and are both fertilized, this is fraternal twins. Fraternal twins do not share the same DNA, and are basically nothing more than just regular siblings sharing the same birthday.
 * Twins:**

This is a photo of how identical twins are formed. This is a photo illustrating how fraternal twins are developed.

**Conjoined twins. (Siamese twins):**
Conjoined twins are quite rare. Approximately 1 in 100,000 births or 1 in 200 twins are the chances of conjoined twins occurring. Conjoined twins happen when the egg (zygote) splits extremely late in the pregnancy and doesn't split totally. These twins don't just share the same DNA, they also share body parts and vital organs. There are ways that conjoined twins can be separated, such as surgery. Only some of the twins are fortunate enough to under go these surgeries, it all depends on the type of organs and body parts they share. For instance, if the conjoined twins share the same heart or liver they would not be able to have the procedure done. This photo here shows how a pair of conjoined twins are attached and what organs they share. media type="youtube" key="vKm9c03PJDM " width="425" height="350"

**Twin Pregnancy Complications:**
Just like any other pregnancy complications can occur, but unfortunately there is a higher chance of them happening with twins then normal pregnancy's. High blood pressure in pregnancy is about three times more common in twin pregnancies than in normal pregnancies. There is a higher chance of having a miscarriage if you are carrying twins, twice as high to be exact. If you miscarry only one of the children, that does not mean you will lose the other baby. Vanishing twins syndrome is when one fetus in the pregnancy aborts and the fetal tissue is absorbed by the other baby. This happens more often than not. Elizabeth Noble, author of Having Twins (comparing prices), claims that 80% of twin pregnancies result in the loss of one or both babies.

**Further Reading:**
Further information on Vanishing Twin Syndrome: []

Interesting conjoined twins in history: []

More about Siamese twins: []

More basic information about twins: []

**Sources:**
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**How music has evolved:**
Music has evolved immensely. Music now and music from thousands of years ago are obviously not the same. Even music from now to music ten years ago is completely different. There are different sounds, singers, musicians, instruments and advancements in technology to thank for that. Music has also evolved because of the way our culture has changed over the years. The different styles of music are the way they are, because people can relate to them which makes them more popular.

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Music today has melody and basic increments of change, but the musicianship and originality has changed to fit our culture and life styles. Clearly there is a extreme difference between Beethoven and Lil' Wayne or Hoffmann and Justin Bieber. Back in the 1800's people played music to entertain the audience or to tell a story, but now music is a way for people to express themselves. Music is still used for some of the things that it was used for in the 1800’s, like parties, concerts, operas and special events. Although the way the music is played has changed. =====

**Music in the 1900's to music now: **
Music in the 1900's has a wide variety of styles, and this is where music evolved the most. You have all the greats: The Beatles, Michael Jackson, The Eagles etc.. But since then the beats have gotten faster and the lyrics have became more vulgar, even in the music videos and publicity. Now it seems you don't exactly need talent to become good, because of all the technology behind the music industry. You can auto tune voice flaws and imperfections whereas back then music was just mere talent.



This is just a video that has some of the biggest hits ever made: media type="youtube" key="C4FC00ueGt0" width="425" height="350"

**Further Reading:**
More on how Music has shifted from the 60's to now: [] More on how American music has changed over the past 50 years:

[|http://www.helium.com/items/990641-how-american-music-has-changed-over-the-past-50-year] How the Music industry has changed:

[] How we predict it will evolve:

[|http://www.berkleemusic.com/school/course/the-future-of-music-and-the-music-busines]

Refferences: []

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<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-decoration: none;">Wikipost #3 =====

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<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-decoration: none;"> Have you ever had a random spurt of energy or those quick reactions you never thought you could do usually? That would be an adrenaline rush. =====

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<span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; font-style: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-decoration: none;">So what is that exactly? Adrenaline rushes are when your body releases dopamine and endorphin which can act as a natural pain killers. When they are released they give you things like bursts of energy, noted increase in strength, no feeling of pain, enhanced senses and quickening of your breath. These adrenaline rushes happen mostly while doing something out of the normal that makes your body react in different ways. Sports is a good example. Lets say you just hit a double while playing ball, but you stretch that into a triple. You're running as fast as you can and your body gets excited so it sends out these endorphin and dopamine through your body which gives you that extra burst of strength to make it to the base in time. It is a very intense feeling, but they happen to help your body out.=====

**Genetic Disorders: Down Syndrome.**
What is down syndrome? It is a developmental disorder that is a result of a extra copy of chromosome 21. It affects 1 in 800 to 1 in 1000 live born infants. There are three types of Down Syndrome: Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down Syndrome, Translocation Down Syndrome. Trisomy 21 being the most common. More than 90 percent of the time it's Trisomy 21. Mosaic and Translocation Down Syndrome are both rare but are of the same importance.

[[image:smithlhhsb122/trisomy21_karyotype.jpg width="319" height="267"]]
What are the effects of Down Syndrome? Research has found that 50% of babies with Down syndrome have a congenital heart defect and 10% of babies are born with intestinal malformations. Along with the other problems people that have Down syndrome also suffer from hearing loss, horrible immune systems, and extensive development delay. The Developmental delay's with Down syndrome have mild-to-moderate learning impairment and developmental delays, the degree of impairment is not predictable either before or after birth. media type="youtube" key="I13KxRYqoo0" width="374" height="323"

**Sources:**
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[|http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/down/] [|http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/down-syndrome]

** Wikipost #5: The Nervous system. **
The nervous system is made up of your brain, spinal cord, sensory organs and all the nerves that connect to the organs and the rest of your body. So yes, you can say it is kind of important. It controls everything we do even if these things while being unaware that we are doing them; blinking and breathing for example. We would not be able to function with out it. The Nervous system is split into two sections the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Both very important but in different ways.

This photo shows how the nervous system is split up.

** The Peripheral Nervous system: **
The Peripheral Nervous system i ncludes all of the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors. This system is also split up into four different parts the somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system. The somatic nervous system controls muscles along with external sensory organs such as the skin. The autonomic nervous system takes care of involuntary muscles, another name for this would be the involuntary nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is the controller of many things such as inhibiting heart rate, contracting the bladder, and constricting pupils. Last but not least we have the sympathetic nervous system which does the complete opposite of the parasympathetic nervous system by speeding up heart rate, dilating pupils, and relaxing the bladder.

**The Central Nervous system:**
The Central Nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is in charge of integrating most sensory information and coordinating body function, both consciously and unconsciously. Functions such as thinking, awareness, movements, sensations. The spine controls the signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

media type="youtube" key="tqvJZ1STLos" width="400" height="323"

Sources:

[|http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html#full-description] [] [] []