Anna+J.

Post #1 October 3, 2015

=Trisomy 21=

What is Trisomy 21?
 * Trisomy 21 is commonly known as Down syndrome and is caused by an extra copy of chromosome number 21. They have 3 copies of chromosome 21 instead of 2 copies. This is caused by an error in the division of the cell during development.



What causes Down Syndrome?
 * Down Syndrome is caused due to an error called nondisjunction. When the baby is conceived he/she gets 46 chromosomes from his/her parents: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. What causes down syndrome is a child gets an extra chromosome 21 — for a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46.

media type="youtube" key="EA0qxhR2oOk" width="517" height="315" align="right"
 * Image of normal meiosis vs. nondisjuncton**

How does Down Syndrome affect children?
 * Kids with Down syndrome tend to share specific physical features such as: a flat facial profile, eyes which slant upwards,small ears, flat back of head, small mouth, flattened nose bridge, short fingers, and broad hands.

Children with Down Syndrome are also normally average size at birth but tend to grow at a slower pace then children without Down Syndrome. They also don’t grow to be as tall as a person without Down Syndrome. The females usually average out to be about 4’9” while the boys average out to be about 5’4”. Not only does it have effects on children physically but it also affects their learning and mental development. For example they may be a little slower to speak and have trouble communicating things to others. This also varies in severity among each child.


 * Rate of Milestones with children with Down Syndrome vs your average child**


 * Further readings on this topic:
 * []
 * []
 * []
 * []


 * Sources:
 * []
 * []
 * []

Nov 10th, 2015
=Hemophilia=
 * Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. With this disease you will bled longer and have a higher chance of internal bleeding especially in your knees, ankles, and elbows. This disease can also be life thrashing as it can damage your organs and tissues. If left untreated this can cause saver pain and discomfort for the person suffering with the diesease.

Types of Hemophilia: 1. Hemophilia A: Most Common 2. Hemophilia B- Less Common 3. Hemophilia C- Least Common/Rare

How can you get Hemophilia?
 * This diesease is most often inherited. You get this disease from the genetics your parents gave you. In a rare case you can acquire it in your life time.

What are Genetics?
 * Genetics is the branch of biology that deals with hereditary. Hereditary is the passing on of physical or mental characteristics from the mother and father to their child.



Symptoms:
 * Nosebleeds
 * Bruising, especially large ones
 * Bleeding for no reason
 * Blood in urine
 * Bleeding does not stop after getting a cut, or an injury
 * Bleeding into a joint

Treatment
 * The main treatment they use for hemophilia is called replacement therapy. The pacient get things called infusions injected into a vein. These infusions help replace the clotting factor they are missing or low on. The infusions can be made from actual humans blood or not from humans blood which are called recombinant clotting factors.

media type="youtube" key="xTiJ2qonFIE" width="560" height="315" align="center"

Further Readings [] [] [] []

Sources [] [|http://www.medicinenet.com/hemophilia/page5.htm] [|http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-hemophilia-symptoms-genetic-cause-treatment.html] [|http://www.medicaldaily.com/fda-approves-new-hemophilia-treatment-obizur-drug-maker-baxter-international-307913] [] [] []

Post # 3 January 8th, 2016

= Hallucinogens = Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause distortions in a person’s perceptions of reality. Hallucinogens can be found in plants or can be man-made. When under the influence people often report rapid, intense emotional swings and seeing images, hearing sounds, and feeling sensations that seem real but are not. Research suggests that the drug works by temporarily disrupting communication between neurotransmitter systems throughout the brain and spinal cord that regulate mood, sensory perception, sleep, hunger, body temperature, etc. Hallucinogens are also thought to produce their altering effects by acting on neural circuits in the brain that use the neurotransmitter serotonin.



What are Neurotransmitters?
They are the brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body. They give signals called neurons. The brain uses neurotransmitters to tell your body when to do specific things such as telling your heart to beat, and your stomach to digest.

There are 2 types of Neurotransmitters:
Excitatory and Inhibitory
 * Excitatory neurotransmitters tells your neurons to fire and are what stimulate the brain. Those that calm the brain and help create balance are called inhibitory.

The 3 Most Commonly Abused Hallucinogens:
==

Physical signs of LSD use:
• Dilated pupils • Salivation or dry mouth • Tingling fingers or toes • Weakness

Negative Effects Including:
• emotional distress, anxiety, depression, disorientation or paranoia • Dizziness, nausea, rapid heart rate and convulsions • Sweating or chills • Blurred vision • Inability to perform complex tasks like driving or operating machinery

Your Brain on LSD:
= Further Explanation: =

media type="youtube" key="LJbrLSU2Tk4" width="560" height="315" align="center"

Sources: [] [] [] [] [] [] []

Further Reading: [] [] [] [] []