Bailey+A.

Breast Cancer
__**Component 1:**__

A member of my family was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. She was diagnosed and within a month she had surgery (a partial mastectomy). She saw her surgeon a few weeks later following the operation and was told that she would be dancing for years to come and that the surgery was successful. We were very pleased. As a precaution several tests were performed from chest x-rays to bone scans to blood work. When breast cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the breast or to other parts of the body.

This process is called staging and it is to find out whether the cancer has spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. The information gathered from this process determines the stage of the disease. It is important to know the stage in order to plan treatment. Following the tests, my grandmother was told that she had stage 4 cancer and that she had a spot on her lung. She is being treated now with medications in hopes that the spot will shrink or the cancer cells will stop reproducing.

The following tests and procedures may be used in the staging process: These are some of the tests that my gram has gone through during this process.
 * **lumph node biopsy:** Is the removal of the sentinel lymph node during surgery surgery. The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor. It is the first lymph node the cancer is most likely to spread to from the tumor. A radioactive substance and/or blue dye is injected near the tumor. The substance or dye flows through the lymph ducts[|__s__] to the lymph nodes. The first lymph node to receive the substance or dye is removed. A pathologist will then view the tissue under a microscope and look for cancerous cells. If cancerous cells are not found, it may not be necessary to remove anymore lymph nodes.
 * **Chest X-Ray** : An x-ray of the organs and bones inside the chest is performed.
 * **CT Scan : (CAT scan)**: Is a procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles. The pictures are made by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. A dye may be injected into a vein or swallowed to help the organs or tissues show up more clearly.
 * **Bone Scan** : This is procedure to check if there are rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, in the bone. A very small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream. The radioactive material collects in the bones and is detected by a scabber.
 * **Pet Scan : (positron emission tomography scan)**: Is a procedure to find malignant tumor cells in the body. A small amount of radioactive glucose (sugar) is injected into a vein. The PET scanner rotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body. Malignant tumor cells show up brighter in the picture because they are more active and take up more glucose than normal cells do.

There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body; through tissue, the lymph system and the blood:
 * Tissue. The cancer spreads from where it began by growing into nearby areas.
 * Lymph system. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the lymph vessels to other parts of the body.
 * Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through the blood vessels to other parts of the body.

__**Component 2: Photos**__
 * This is a method of self examination that should be a common practice for women.
 * This is stage 1 of Breast Cancer, which shows a tumor smaller than 2cm with cancer cells traveling through the lumph node.
 * This is stage 3. In this stage the tumor can be any size but is still localized to the initial area of origin.
 * This is stage 4, which currently is the stage that my Gram is in now. In this stage the cancer cells have traveled and spread to another area. Cancer has now metastasized.

__**Component 3: Video**__ media type="youtube" key="3FHEpZ3iTUg" width="560" height="315"

The video allows you to get an idea of what to expect when getting a Mammogram to detect Breast Cancer. It goes into detail about each procedure though the process. It is a good source to find information before going though with the procedure. My gram has had regular Mammograms, and she said that this video is very accurate in describing the procedure.

__**Component 4: Further Reading**__ [] [] [] []
 * This website is good for learning the basics of Breast Cancer and the information behind it.
 * This website gives some statistics on the survival of Breast Cancer from stage 1 to 4.
 * Just a brief information on treatment of Breast Cancer and how it can be treated.
 * A good diet for women who have Breast Cancer. It is good to stay healthy through the process, it will make a difference.

__**Component 5: Sources Sited**__

[] [] [] [] []

=__**Wiki Post #2 --- Evolution**__=

__**Component 1:**__


 * Human evolution** is about the origin of human beings. Science indicates to us that all humans belong to the same species which has spread from its birthplace in Africa to almost all parts of the world. Its origin in Africa is proved by the fossils which have been found on that continent.

The term 'human' in this context means the genus //Homo//.

It was known for a long time that man and the apes were related. Their anatomy is similar, despite many superficial differences. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution says that such basic structural similarity comes from the common origin of the group. The apes and man are close relatives, and are primates, the orderof mammals which includes monkeys, apes, lemurs and tasiers.

The great apes live in tropical rainforests. It is thought that human evolution started when a group of apes began to live more in the savannah. Savannah is more open, with trees and grass. This group started walking on two legs. They began to use their hands to carry things. Life in the open was quite different, and there was a big advantage in having better brains. Their brains grew to be much larger, and they began to make simple tools. All this began at least 5 million years ago. We have fossils of two or three different groups of walking apes, and one was the ancestor of humans.

The biologicial term name for "human" or "man" is //Homo//. The modern human species is called Homo sapiens. "Sapiens" means "thought". //Homo sapiens// means "the thinking man".

The science that is concerned with finding out how human evolution happened is called physcical anthropology. It explains how the human race developed, by looking at ancient humans fossils, tools, and other signs of human life in the past.

The notion that science and religion are irreconcilable centers in large part on the issue of evolution.

One would be hard pressed to find a scientist today who does not believe in evolution. As the scientific evidence for evolution is overwhelming.

But what if evolution is God's tool? Darwin never said anything about God. Many scientists—and theologians—maintain that it would be perfectly logical to think that a divine being used evolution as a method to create the world. Many have argued hours on this topic. Still, science does contradict the interpretation of the first chapter of Genesis in the Bible on the origin of the universe which says that God created heaven and the Earth and the species on it in six days.

Scientific evidence shows that the universe was actually formed about 13.7 billion years ago, while the Earth was formed around 4.5 billion years ago. The first humans date back only a hundred thousand years or so.

__Component 2: Photos__

This is just the general picture of how the ape has changed over time to being human. I thought this picture was assuming because it seems to reflect that humans and their posture is regressing back to that of the ape. The picture is of a timeline that allows you to see the years that each generation has become, and the names of each, This picture allows you to see inside the body of the bone structure to see how it has evolved over time.

__**Component 3: Video**__

media type="youtube" key="SkgYoTH3Xlc" width="431" height="245"

The video gives you a minor descriptive of how apes are so closely related to humans, and how we as humans have evolved over the past hundreds of years.


 * __Component 4: Further Readings__**

http://www.usefulcharts.com/science/human-evolution-timeline.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution http://darwin200.christs.cam.ac.uk/pages/index.php?page_id=c8 http://www.learnoutloud.com/Content/Topic-Pages/Darwins-Theory-of-Evolution-Did-Man-Really-Evolve-from-Apes/34
 * More information beyond apes, to how humans devolved in general.
 * Basic information on the topic.
 * Information on how and where the theory of man became and started
 * Information on the questioning of the theory that Darwin purposed.


 * __Component 5: Sources Sited__**

http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution https://www.google.ca/search?q=evolution+of+man&source http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkgYoTH3Xlc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_MlaeUtkqU http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_evolution#Humans_are_similar_to_great_apes

=__**Wiki Post #3 - Nervous System**__=

**Component 1:**

 * Nervous system Disorders **

The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body functions. It is made up of two major divisions which are:
 * What is the nervous system? **
 * **Central nervous system. **This consists of the brain and spinal cord.
 * **Peripheral nervous system. **This consists of all other neural elements.

In addition to the brain and spinal cord, other principal organs of the nervous system include:
 * Eyes
 * Ears
 * Sensory organs of taste
 * Sensory organs of smell
 * Sensory receptors located in the skin, joints, muscles, and other parts of the body


 * Some disorders of the nervous system: **


 * Trauma
 * Infections
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Degeneration
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Structural defects
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Tumors
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Blood flow disruption
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">Autoimmune disorders

<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">I choose to discuss a wide range of the Nervous System and the different parts to it. I have been studying this subject in my Nutrition class just briefly and I wanted to learn more about it.

Component 2:
This photo is showing the parts of the Central Nervous System. This picture is the parts of the PNS. This is a chart lays out the nervous system and the different parts to it. The picture breaks down the different parts of each.

Component 3:
media type="youtube" key="sjyI4CmBOA0" width="560" height="315"

This is a simple and easy to follow video about the general definition of the nervous system. It tells you about the two different nervous systems and describes them further in depth. The video is just repeating most of the information that I discussed in component 1.

Component 4: Further Readings

 * http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/overview_of_nervous_system_disorders_85,P00799/
 * This website is about the different signs and symptoms of disorders.
 * http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthtopics/content.asp?hwid=nersp
 * This website gives you some ideas of prevention of the type of disorder you may have or what to learn more about.
 * http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Nerves/Nervous_Disorders.php
 * This website allows you to search the different disorders there are and what are the most common ones.
 * http://www.webmd.com/brain/tc/nervous-system-problems-check-your-symptoms
 * Want to know if you have any of the signs of a nervous system disorder? Check this out!

Component 5: Sources Sited

 * http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/GetImage.aspx?ImageId=280409
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system
 * http://www.webmd.com/brain/default.htm?names-dropdown=
 * https://www.google.ca/search?newwindow=1&q=define+nervous+system&oq=define+nervous+&gs_l=serp.3.0.0l10.1011.2296.0.4677.9.9.0.0.0.0.118.788.6j2.8.0....0...1c.1.45.serp..1.8.785.nFxYPRK2yUA
 * http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4PPZCLnVkA