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=**Genetic Disorders **=
 * Wiki Post #1 - March 24, 2013**

A __genetic disorder__ is an illness caused by abnormalities in the genome. Most genetic disorders are rare and effect one person in every several thousand. Genetic disorders are heritable and are passed down from your parents' genes. Other defects may be caused by new mutations in the DNA. In these cases, the DNA will only be heritable if it occurs in the germ line. The same disease, such as some forms of cancer, may be caused by an inherited genetic condition in some people, by new mutations in other people, and by nongenetic causes in still other people There are thousands of genetic disorders in humans. Some are common whereas quite a few are rare. There are many different causes to genetic disorders as well as many types of genetic disorders. Genetic disorders in humans are mainly caused by abnormalties in the genes or chromosomes. These defects can be caused by //Mutations// which are sudden inheritable changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, or //Duplications// which is the duplication of a portion of your chromosome which would then result in extra genetic material.

Some of the more common genetic disorders include:

//__Albinism:__// a congenital disorder in which there is little or completely no production of melanin in hair, skin and iris of the eyes.

__//Down Syndrome://__ a genetic disorder in human that is the result of extra copy of chromosome 21, that a child inherits from his/her parent. This extra genetic material causes delays in mental as well as physical development of a child.

__//Hemophilia://__ This is a recessive X-linked genetic disorder in which the bodies of individuals lose the ability to coagulate blood or blood clotting.



//__Retinoblastoma:__// cancer of the retina, that affects children younger than 5 years. It can be genetic as well as non genetic.

//__ A real life example of Turners Syndrome: __// media type="youtube" key="YQyOgcGxn70" height="315" width="420"

= More Info! = [|The Basics on Genes and Genetic Disorders] [|The 16 Most Common Genetic Diseases] [|10 Weirdest Medical Conditions] [|The Inspiring True Story of Zachary Kale Moore]

= Sources! = [|Genetic Disorders in Humans] [|Genetic Disorder] [|Human Genetic Disorders] [|Genetic Disease Information]

= Albinism- Hereditary? =
 * Wiki Post #2 - April 5, 2013 **

Albinism is an inherited condition resulting from the combination of recessive alleles passed from both parents of an individual.

This condition is known to affect mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

While the most common term for an individual affected by albinism is "albino", some prefer "person with albinism", because "albino" is sometimes used in a derogatory way.

The gene which results in albinism prevents the body from making the usual amounts of the pigment melanin. The gene does not work as it should. About 1 child out of every 17,000 children are albinistic. If one parent carries the gene of albinism there is then a 1 in 4 chance that their child/ children will be albinistic. Although albinism can include some health problems, it does not generally affect a person's lifespan.

These are all different cases of Albinism:


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= More Info! = [|Albinism] [|Meet The Family with 4 Albino Children] [|Black Parents with Three Albino Children] [|Deadly Superstition]

=** Sources! **= [|Albinos-The Origin of the Caucasian Race] [|Albinism] [|Albino]

= Are You Color Blind? =
 * WikiPost #3 -May 17, 2013 **

__ What Is Color Blindness? __

Color blindness is the inability or decreased ability to see [|color], or perceive color differences, under normal lighting conditions. Color blindness affects a significant percentage of the population. There is no actual blindness but there is a deficiency of color vision. The human eyes sees by light stimulating the retina. The retina is made up of rods and cones. The rods give us our night vision but cannot distinguish color. Cones aren't used at night but do let us percieve color in the daylight. The cones each contain a light sensative pigment which is sensative over a range of wavelengths. Genes contain the coding instructions for these pigments and if the coding is wrong than the wrong pigments will be produced and the cones will be sensative to different wavelengths of light. The colors that we see are dependant on those pigments. There are two types of color blindness.

__ Color Blindness: Two Types __

__Type One__ People with typical cones and light-sensitive pigments are able to see different colors by using three types of cone pigments having different spectral sensitivity. This is called **trichromacy.** __Type Two__ Sometimes vision is based on only two types of cone pigments. This is known as **dichromacy.** __Type Three__ Total colorblindness is very rare but the effects are severe. media type="youtube" key="r8bZy_LbY-g" width="560" height="315"
 * Monochromacy** describes a condition where only one type of cone pigment functions, and thus only a single color is perceived. In rod monochromacy or achromatopsia, there are no working cone pigments in the cones. Achromatopsia can be inherited or cerebral achromatopsia can develop.

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 * This is an example of how a person that is colorblind would see these apples.**

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 * An advantage of being colorblind.**

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 * COLOR - Men vs Women**

= Other Links! = [|Cool Optical Illusions] [|Color Blind Test] [|What It's Like To Be Color Blind] [|What Is Color Blindness]

= Sources! = [|Colorblindness] [|What Is Colorblindness and It's Different Types] [|Color-Blindness] [|What It's Like To Be Color Blind]

= How Does Viagra Work? =
 * Wiki Post #4--May 28, 2013 **

__ Viagra __ Viagra is used to treat impotence in men. Viagra increases the body’s ability to achieve and maintain an erection during sexual intercourse. It helps to achieve and keep erection sufficient for sexual activity. It does this by allowing a greater flow of blood into the penis when a man is sexually aroused. It only works with sexual stimulation and does not increase sexual desire. Men who are currently on medication that contain nitrates should not use Viagra because taken together they can lower the blood pressure too much. Viagra should not be used by women or children either.

__ Side Effects __ The following side effects may not occur in everyone however, you should contact your doctor if you are expeiriencing these side effects and they are severe or bothersome. Back Pain Diarrehea Dizziness Flushing Headache Joint Pain Skin Rash Stuffy Nose, or Stomach Discomfort After M eals.

__ Viagra Forms __ Viagra comes in three different pill forms. One in 25mg, 50mg and 100mg. Each, a small blue diamond shaped pill.


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=** Sources! **=
 * [|How to Take Viagra] **
 * [|Viagra] **
 * [|Viagra-Uses, Effects, Interactions]**
 * [|Viagra Images]**

= Other Links! = [|Viagra Fast Facts] [|Viagra-Common Questions] [|Viagra Tablets-Facts & Comparisons] [|Viagra for Children?]

= What is Contraception? =
 * Wiki Post #5 -- May 28,2013 **

__ Contraception __ The use various devices, drugs, agents, sexual practices, or surgical procedures to prevent conception or impregnation. Contraception helps women plan if and when they want to have a baby. The condom is the only current contraception device that helps protect sexual partners from STIs.

__ Methods __ In our generation, men and women both have several options for birth control. These are some of those methods: Male Condom Female Condom Spermicides Contraceptive Sponge Diaphragm Cervical Cap Pill, Patch, Ring IUD and Injections

__ STI's & STD's __ Birth control pills and most other birth control methods will //not // protect you from STIs, including HIV. They only protect against pregnancy. The male latex condom is the best birth control method that also can protect you from STIs, including HIV. If you are allergic to latex, polyurethane condoms are a good alternative. If your partner can't or won't use a male condom, female condoms also create a barrier that can help protect you from STIs.

__ Birth Control Pills __ <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Most birth control pills are "combination pills" containing a combination of the hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation (the release of an egg during the monthly cycle). A woman cannot get pregnant if she doesn't ovulate because there is no egg to be fertilized. The Pill also works by thickening the mucus around the cervix, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and reach any eggs that may have been released. The hormones in the pill can also sometimes affect the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for an egg to attach to the wall of the uterus.

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=** Sources! **=

[|Birth Control Options]
=** Other Links! **=

[|Birth Control Methods Game]
= = =Stimulants vs Depressants= Wiki Post #6 -- June 14th

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;">Stimulants are a class of drugs that elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being, and increase energy and alertness. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Examples include cocaine and methamphetamine. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">Cocaine comes in two forms. Powder cocaine is a hydrochloride salt, made from the leaf of the coca plant. “Crack” is a smokeable form of cocaine that is processed with ammonia or baking soda and water, and heated to remove the hydrochloride. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant, originally derived from amphetamine. It comes in clear crystals or powder and easily dissolves in water or alcohol. <span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">Stimulants are reffered to as 'uppers'.
 * What is a Stimulant?**

<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">**What is a Depressant?**
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">Substance that reducs or obstucts a normal bodily activity, function or instinctive desire; such as appetite for food. These drugs operate by affecting neurons in the CNS, which leads to symptoms such as drowsiness, relaxation, decreased inhibition, anesthesia, sleep, coma, and even death. All depressants also have the potential to be addictive. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: inherit;">Drugs that are classed as depressants include:
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">Ethyl alcohol
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">Barbiturates
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px; text-decoration: inherit; text-decoration: inherit;">Benzodiazepines

Depressants are referred to as "downers".

**Types of Both**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Both stimulants and depressants are available in prescription, over-the-counter and illicit forms. Crack cocaine, MDMA, or ecstasy, ephedrine and amphetamines are examples of popular stimulant drugs. Crack and MDMA are illicit stimulants, whereas amphetamines are available only with a prescription. Caffeine, a mild stimulant, is added to many over-the-counter products and occurs naturally in coffee and chocolate. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: 1.5;"> Benzodiazepines are sometimes prescribed to treat anxiety and other nervous system conditions like insomnia and seizures. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: 1.5;">

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: 1.5;"> **Physical Effects**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Stimulants speed metabolism by increasing heart rate, respiration and blood pressure. They could also enhance stamina and physical endurance, sometimes pushing the body beyond its physical limits. Other effects include sweating, frequent urination and increased risk for cardiovascular problems like heart attack and stroke.
 * Stimulants:**

**Depressants:**
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Depressants slow bodily functions like breathing and pulse rate, leading to impaired coordination, sedation and motor clumsiness. Slowed reaction time is a common and a dangerous effect of depressants that can contribute to motor vehicle accidents and other types of injury. Taking an overdose of depressants can lead to death by causing respiratory depression, cardiac arrest or coma. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;"> =**<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Pictures **= <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;"> <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">Stimulants: Caffine and Cocaine **

**Depressants: Alcohol and Benzodiazepines**


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=**Sources!**=
 * [|Stimulants]**
 * [|What is a Depressant?]**
 * [|What are Depressants?]**
 * [|Stimulants and Depressants]**

=**Other Links!**=
 * [|What you need to know about Depressants]**
 * [|What you need to know about Stimulants]**
 * [|NIDA For Teens]**
 * [|Faces of Meth]**

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